Analyzing the Irreversibility of Nuclear Disarmament

Kazakhstan's Study Case

Abstract

This study examines the irreversibility of nuclear disarmament by analyzing Kazakhstan’s post-Soviet experience to identify mechanisms that constrain rearmament. Using a qualitative case study informed by Science and Technology Studies frameworks on socio-technical unmaking, the research explores discursive reframing, institutional changes, tacit knowledge erosion, material dismantlement, and governance innovations. Findings indicate that Kazakhstan’s strong political commitment, anti-nuclear identity, comprehensive international cooperation, and binding legal obligations collectively create robust barriers to reversal, while ongoing challenges include securing residual materials and managing geopolitical pressures. The study highlights the importance of multi-dimensional approaches that integrate normative drivers, sustained stewardship, adaptable agreements, and strategic partnerships to enhance enduring disarmament. These insights offer policy guidance for global efforts to reinforce irreversible pathways toward nuclear risk reduction.